Strategies for Parallel Markup

Cross-referenced parallel markup for mathematics allows the combination of both presentation and content representations while associating the components of each. Interesting applications are enabled by such an arrangement, such as interaction with parts of the presentation to manipulate and querying the corresponding content, and enhanced search indexing. Although the idea of such markup is hardly new, effective techniques for creating and manipulating it are more difficult than it appears. Since the structures and tokens in the two formats often do not correspond one-to-one, decisions and heuristics must be developed to determine in which way each component refers to and is referred to by components of the other representation. Conversion between fine and coarse grained parallel markup complicates ID assignments. In this paper, we will describe the techniques developed for \LaTeXML, a \TeX/\LaTeX to XML converter, to create cross-referenced parallel MathML. While we do not yet consider \LaTeXML's content MathML to be useful, the current effort is a step towards that continuing goal

Specific SPS construction studies: Operations and maintenance

Surface as well as in-space operations of the solar power satellite program are addressed. The primary end products of SPS industrial enterprise are shown SPS and its ground receiving antenna every six months; and (3) construction of electric cargo orbital transfer vehicles. The production of photovoltaic cells and solar blankets is also considered

Vertical Restraints and Powerful Health Insurers: Exclusionary Conduct Masquerading as Managed Care?

Overt competition is a relative newcomer to the health care field-a field rarely even referred to as an industry a mere twenty-five years ago. In the early sixties most observers still considered commercial motives basically inapplicable to the delivery of medical services.\u27 But perceptions have changed now that more than 11 percent of the gross national product is spent on the health sector of the economy, a development made possible primarily because insurance to pay for expensive treatment and technology has become more widely available. Delivering medical services is commonly considered big business now, and the same kinds of competitive and anticompetitive behavior that have always been found in commercial markets can be clearly observed in the health industry of the 1980\u27s.2 Moreover, health insurers have evolved into major actors in the medical morality play, shaping policy as middlemen by managing the costs of care through vertical restraints on provider autonomy that might have seemed inconceivable to their cost-passthrough predecessors.

From Accession to Exemption: A Brief History of the Development of Alaska Property Exemption Laws

This Article examines the historical development of Alaska\u27s debtor protections from their beginnings in the period of initial federal administration to the present. The current Alaska statutes protecting certain property of debtors from their creditors descended from policies first enacted by Congress. Although federal authority began in 1867 with the area\u27s acquisition from Russia, Congress did not provide for governmental administration in Alaska until 1884, which act also provided Alaska its first debtor protection statutes. Extension of the federal Homestead Act to Alaska in 1898 brought the first protections for settlers\u27 homesteads from their creditors. By 1912 and the creation of the territorial government, Congress had set the basic structure of debtor protection in Alaska. Unlike those states which insisted historically on placing certain debtor protections within their constitutions, public policy in Alaska has deemed statutory structures adequate to protect a debtor\u27s interests

Electronic Resources and Academic Libraries, 1980-2000: A Historical Perspective

published or submitted for publicatio